In general, almost every CAD, which is support free form NURBS surfaces can be used for the hull lines design. Very often it depends on the CAD price level and functionality for NURBS modeling. Even mechanical CADs can be used for that. It’s may be OK if it is preliminary lines design. But when necessary to make something more precise, it will take a lot more time, and finally, you will not get an acceptable result. Problem is in a poor functionality for lines quality control in most of universal CADs.
Several important issues we have to take into account when we work with ship surface modeling:
- In ship design, we work mostly with cross sections like frames waterlines and buttocks. Most of the constriction elements connected to shell along such lines and it’s very natural for the engineer to check surface quality by checking cross-sectional lines.
- Big scale of the models. Ship surface has usually much bigger size compared to for example a car or airplane. Big scale requires more precise work with fairing of the surface and follow many different initial data at the same time.
- Technological aspects of the hull fairing. During production at the workshop there is a lot of bent elements like shell plates and profiles. Badly smoothed surface will create troubles for bending and welding.
- Time factor. Ship design is mostly like a tailor-made product. Every ship is different for another. Usually, all design process takes several months and hull lines should be ready as soon as possible.
- Economical aspect. If the right faired surface will save for ship owner just a few liters of fuel an hour it can be quite a lot in total operation time.
- Esthetic's aspect. From a long human history ship design was always like an art. Every shipowner expect to have a nice ship with perfect hull shape, but not an ugly container for some equipment inside. In the case of yachts it is one of the most important questions.
Many years we use Shape Maker for production lines fairing. It was developed from the beginning for ship design and in close cooperation with ship designers. I would like to show quality control functions of this software.
Shape maker tools for surface quality control.
1. Dynamic control volume.
Sometimes it is very difficult to check waterlines in the bulbous bow area. Many of them crossing each other and looks like a mess of lines. In Shape maker user can defined volume for visualization. All objects outside of this volume will be hidden. Additionally, the user can set up how many sections like frames, waterline, and buttocks should be presented inside this volume. It helps to quickly check any local shape's areas very precisely. Another control volume option help to check cross sections line by line. A user can set up control volume for example for one frame spacing in deep and shift it in deep for the same distance. It helps to check every cross section very easy and do modification if necessary
2. Old, but very efficient method for check hull lines quality is to look along line almost in the drawings plane.
It helps to see all the line's defects. This method was used before computers and even now some designers, who trust only his own eyes, use it. Analog of this in Shape maker - scaling view. A model can be scaled in one direction. It gives a better overview. For example, if we work with long and narrow shape, like a NACA profile, it is almost impossible to check how well this shape. Compressed view shows all defects. If lines will look OK in compressed view it means in real scale everything should be OK. Model in Shape maker scaled only for visualization. All coordinates, dimensions not scaled and the user can work in a scaled view like a normal view. This option very useful for check and modification of surfaces in connection to the flat side and flat bottom. Very often it is almost impossible to check the progress of building frames in connection to the flat side. So many lines come almost to the same point. In a compressed view, it is much easy to control and edit such areas. If it will look good in compressed view it will be much better at real scale. To resume - it is like a microscope for a designer.
3. Visualization of curvature.
Most of the systems have more or less same option. In Shape maker shown radiuses of the curvature. It help to see all areas where there is some local flatness areas. This is most important for production. Radiuses of curvature dynamically updated together with frame sections during shape modification. It give for user good impression how to change shape.
4. Visualization of inflection lines.
Even if we use the surface for hull definition, we operate with frames, waterlines, and buttocks. Most of the inertial structure details based on these sections planes. It is very important for a designer to control the shape of such cross-sections. Shape maker has the possibility for dynamic visualization of the inflection lines on the surface - lines where frames, waterlines, and buttocks change curvature direction. If frame crossing inflection line several times it means frame has unnecessary bumps and it must be fixed. Infection lines indicate areas with problems, and dynamically updated when used change shape. Additionally, Shape maker has a visualization of the inflection lines for Gaussian curvature. It shows an areas where Gaussian curvature change direction.
5. Shaded Gaussian curvature visualization.
Shaded Gaussian curvature visualization helps to check surface more precisely.
Curvature picture dynamically updated during the surface modification process.
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